Cultural Issues in National Problems Essay

* Based on your study on this module of cultural theories, international business ethics and the practice of managing across cultures, and assuming the role of a business consultant specialising in cross-cultural issues, write a cultural briefing for the Human Resources department of a real international business. Your briefing should cover a range of cultural issues, including the creation of cross-cultural teams, training employees for expatriate assignments, national negotiating styles and training employees for the challenges of cross-cultural management. This assignment may take the format of a report or a more creatively designed briefing document. Creation of cross-cultural teams Train employees for challenges of cross-cultural management National negotiating style The Chinese Negotiation http://www.globalnegotiationbook.com/John-Graham-research/negotiation-v1.pdf Negotiating in China: 10 rules for success http://www.forbes.com/sites/jackperkowski/2011/03/28/negotiating-in-china-10-rules-for-success/ pp. 163 note However, china is also a difficult and risky market for western business communities to operate in. the surprises, disappointment, and frustration on the part of western business people are not strange. China is a special challenge: it is the world’s largest emerging market, largest communist bureaucracy and oldest culture. These unique features make china a unique case in international business that calls for special academic and managerial attention. Now that china has reached and agreement with the European union and United States of America about its membership in the world trade organization (WTO), the importance of china as a trade partner is going to increase further. Question: * What are the meaningful stages of the Sino-western business negotiation process? * What are the main contentious issues in the formal negotiation sessions? * How can we understand chinese negotiating style observed in various stages from the chinese culture point of view? Ping-Pong model 1, pre-negotiation (lobbing, presentation, informal discussion, and trust building) 2, formal negotiation (task-related exchange of information, persuasion, concession and agreement) 3, post-negotiation (implementation and new rounds of negotiations) The Chinese show keen interests in getting to know the other party during these initial contacts. They try to ascertain whether or not the foreign firm has (1) the most advanced technology required for the project; (2) the willingness to sell or transfer it to the Chinese side by way of, for example, joint venture; and (3) the capacity of delivering the products on time. As one chinese negotiators explained: â€Å"our intention is to import the most advanced technology and to cooperate with large, world-famous foreign companies, because the life cycle of a technology is short. We pay even more attention to the supplier’s houjing(reserve strength) for continuous technological development lobbying: lobbing before the chinese government authorities is one of the most important marketing activities facing foreign firms that want to sell large industrial projects in chinese key industries like telecommunications. Foreign firms must convince the chinese that they have cutting-edge technologies that suit chinese government’s priorities, that they have long-term commitment to the chinese market, and that they are financially strong. They must present a highly reliable image before the chinese, making them feel safe to do business with them. The chinese said that they liked to do business with â€Å"big mountain† like Ericesson that they could trust and rely on in the long term. Presentation: giving attractive and reliable presentations to let potential chinese partners know the company, products and negotiating team members, is an important step toward formal negotiation sessions. Presentations aim to convince the chinese of the sincerity of the company in doing business ith china and show the chinese that the company’s products are and advanced technology with high quality and reasonable price. Foreign firms need to present themselves and their technologies to number of authorities. Very often one has to endlessly repeat the same things to different negotiators who may suddenly, without explanation, be replaced by another team. From chinese point of view, it is done to check the reliability and firmness of the supplier. Informal discussion: initial and informal discussions with chinese organizations often occur directly after the presentations Trust building: the chinese attach great importance to trust building in business negotiations. Formal negotiation * Equity share * Contribution of each party * Management control * Technology * Price * Persuasion * Concessions and agreement Post-negotiation * Managerial implications * Priority * Patience * People the PRC condition (guoqing) is a contemporary social and institutional factor influencing the PRC Introduction Hotel Chocolat is a famous luxury chocolate producer in the UK. It has 55 stores in the UK and 5 stores in the USA and the Europe. (Hotel Chocolat, 2012) The mainly product series are Giant Slabs, Selectors, Sleekster Selections, Liquid Chocolat, The Purist and Coco Juvenate Beauty Range. (Hotel Chocolat, 2012) Hotel Chocolat insists a high quality strategy so that their products are in luxury level, which attracting consumers come back again and again. Now Hotel Chocolat plan to expand the business and brand perception, managers think about enter Chinese market. In China, middle class improving their purchasing power in recent years, within urban residents has more disposable income (Farrell D, 2006). If manager decide to enter China market, human resource management (HRM) department needs to prepare three points, firstly is create cross-cultural team with Chinese employees, secondly is train the British employees for challenge of cross-cultural management, thirdly is negotiating st yle with Chinese. Creation of cross-cultural team and the challenges of cross-cultural management Cross-cultural team is necessary. Nowadays, the globe business activities are an important part of the worldwide economy. Many of different nationality works in one company or even in one group. In this case, Hotel Chocolat will be suggested to build a cross-cultural team within Chinese employees. This program can avoid some potential risk in Chinese market. Here will point out three directions. 1. Language In business group need to keep will communication to reduce the cost of information. Hotel Chocolat is British company so that the English is mainly language. But Chinese employee’s native language is mandarin and Cantonese, which make conversation maybe difficult. Fortunately, Chinese education department push English language teaching from primary school to college. Nowadays, the world’s most populous nation will become the world’s largest English-speaking country, account about two billion people are learning or have learned English (Clifford. C, 2009). Firstly, English level is an important testing standard when manager selects Chinese employees. Secondly, English employ which will work in China suggest to learn basic daily Mandarin. Of course, if possible, Hotel Chocolat should better choose the people who interested in China. 2. Build Virtual Team In the beginning, Hotel Chocolat should build a quickly communication tunnel between the UK and China department. For a high efficiency, Hotel Chocolat has to build Virtual Team. Virtual Team is basic on advanced information technology to link the geographical dispersion essential employees. It also downsizes the department in China and improves productivity.(Townsend, A, M., and Demarie, M, S and Hendrickson R, A., 2003) Why build a Virtual Team? Here point five factors: (Bettis, R and Hitt, M., 1995) * The flat organizational structure is becoming a good solution to increasing speed to communicate. * The competition and cooperation will be easy in globe economy environment. * Changes in workers expectation of organizational participation. * Adjustment the production of knowledge work environments. * Make trade and corporate activity easily. First of all, to build virtual team needs to pay attention to define the team’s function and organizational roles, build the technical systems to exchange the information. Define the team’s function and organizational roles are the most important thing. The UK and China have seven (DST.) or eight (GMT.) times difference, it make the working time harder. The manager in China who leads the virtual team should clear expectations about team’s performance and criteria. Because of the virtual team’s geographical dispersion, the manager can define the detail of daily report, working schedules and emergency solution. As a new market competitor, Hotel Chocolat will face many difficult, so the virtual team members in both side, the UK and China, have responds to meet online in a short time. In the same time, the virtual team in China needs to have individual ability to control and solve problems. A well communication system in virtual team is a strong support. The technical system should be designed basic on efficiency. One of the reasons is the virtual team members are in different place so that they cannot face to face. If people cannot face to face meeting, some serious and complicated issues will not solve well. In tradition way, the tools have online meeting (Skype), file upload and download (email). If possible, the technical system can use wide-angle camera to build a multiplayer video session, in the meantime, virtual team members can use â€Å"cloud system† to modify the same file in different place together. Within modern technical system, the virtual team becomes more reality and efficient. National negotiating styles When a company enters new market, an excellent negotiating skill will make their process more successfully. In business activities, communication is the key of make a good deal. Within a group of well training negotiating employees, the new market risks, not only China market, will be reduced. As the human resource department, they should make a plan to lead the negotiators’ mind set. Therefore, the â€Å" Ping-Pong† Model (Fang, 1999) is a good choice. (Fang, 1999) The â€Å"Ping-Pong† model is based on the international business negotiating style and Chinese business negotiating style (Fang, 1999; Frankenstein, 1986; Ghauri and Usunier, 1996; Graham and Lin 1987), fang tries to build a bridge between China and the world. In the â€Å"Ping-Pong† Model, there are two major parts. One is the stage of the Sino-Western business Negotiation process and the other one is the dimension of Chinese business culture. In 1996, Ghauri make a structure of the international negotiating style process. He divides the total negotiation into three parts: 1, Pre-Negotiation 2, Formal-Negotiation 3, Post-Negotiation And also Fang realized that in Chinese cultural situation, he also define three main thing: 1, The PRC Condition 2, Confucianism 3, Chinese stratagems Combine these two things, international negotiating style process and Chinese cultural situation, the â€Å"Ping-Pong† Model produced. Next part, it will analyze six factors of â€Å"Ping-Pong† Model. Pre-Negotiation It includes four processes, lobbing, presentation, informal discussion and trust building. In the beginning is lobbing, in China market the government is a powerful force to the market. So it is necessary to have a good conversation with government. Presentation and informal discussion is the base of trust building. In public ways, presentation can show company’s abilities to the company, in other ways, Informal discussion enhance mutual understanding between company and its potential partners. Formal Negotiation In formal negotiation stage, five major contentious issues needs to serious consideration: equity share, contribution of each party, management control, technology and price. For Hotel Chocolat, technology is the top secret so that the human resource department should focus on this part. Post-Negotiation After formal negotiation, the team should be prepared for Chinese trick. One Swedish negotiator recall that (Ghauri P. and Fang T. 2001) Chinese negotiator always take the old issue whatever and whenever, but these situation would not happened in European, Middle Eastern and African countries. Hotel Chocolat website, (2012), Store http://www.hotelchocolat.co.uk/Chocolate-Store-Locations-Achocolatestore/ (accessed: 8th Oct 2012). Hotel Chocolat website, (2012), Products http://www.hotelchocolat.co.uk/chocolates-CHC_PRODUCT/ (accessed: 8th Oct 2012). Farrell, D., Gersch, U. and Stephenson, E. (2006), The value of China’s emerging middle class, McKinsey Quarterly, pp69-69. Clifford Coonan, (2009) The largest English-speaking country? China, of course, The Irish Times, 6 June, available at: http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2009/0620/1224249169396.html (accessed at 9th Oct 2012). Townsend, A.M., DeMarie, S.M., Hendrickson, A.R. (2003) ‘Virtual teams’ In Thomas, D.C. (ed) Reading and Cases in International Management: A Cross-cultural Perspective. London: SAGE, pp.269-281. Bettis, R. and Hitt, M. (1995) â€Å"The new competitive landscape†, Strategic management journal 16(S1), pp,7-19. Fang, T. (1999) â€Å"Chinese business negotiating style. Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA. Frankenstein, J. (1986). Trend in Chinese business practice: Change in the Beijing wind. California Management Review, 29(1): 148-160. Ghauri, P. N. and Usunier J. –C. (1996) International Business Negotiations. Oxford: Pergamon. Graham, J. L. and Lin, C. –Y. (1987) A comparison of marketing negotiations in the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the United States. In Cavusgil, T. (ed. Advanced in international marketing (Vol. 2, pp. 23-46). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Ghauri P. and Fang T. (2001), Negotiating With the Chinese, Journal of World Business Vol. 36, pp. 303-325.

A;P: Short Story 2

A & P â€Å"A&P† written by John Updike is a short story about a young boy named Sammy. He was 19 years old and he was working at A&P mini market. One day, there were three girls shopping at the store wearing bikinis, and Sammy was surprised yet adore these three girls, until one day he quitted his job because he wanted to be their hero, but unfortunately, the girls didn’t even see him. John Updike was trying to describe Sammy as a typical youth who is trying to get some attention. At the beginning of the story, Updike didn’t really describe Sammy.Otherwise, he described more of the girls whom Sammy was looking at. But, along his writing, readers could conclude about Sammy’s physical look. Another thing is that Sammy had his job as a cash register in A&P store, and from the way Updike had written, readers could conclude that Sammy doesn’t really like his job. He calls one of his customers a â€Å"witch† and says the other customers are  "houseslaves† and â€Å"sheep. † But what makes him more hate his job is the cash-register-watcher: â€Å"She gives me a little snort in passing, if she’d been born at the right time they would have burned her over in Salem† (303).This shows how much Sammy hates her. In addition, Sammy is sexist. He gives long, loving descriptions of the girls who cause all the trouble. 1 Moreover, Sammy does experience growth through the course of the story. In fact, Updike clearly described it, as when Sammy decided to quit his job: â€Å"So I say â€Å"I Quit† to Lengel quick enough for them to hear† (308). The reader won’t expect this to be happened, but Sammy made a shocking decision by quitting his job just for the girls he’d just knew.But maybe, the reason was not just because of the girls, but also because he had enough of Lengel, and he felt he had enough for all the things he never wanted to but, but he had to. Yes, Sammy was doing his job because his parents were the friends of the store manager, Lengel: â€Å"He’s been a friend of my parents for years† (309). He learned about life, and prepared for the rough road that lies ahead. The most important part of Updike’s story is when Sammy quitted his job. Even Sammy finally knew that the girls were not heard what he said, but he continue to do what he had spilled.Updike is trying to insert some moral value here through Sammy. When Sammy said: â€Å"But it seems to me that once you begin a gesture it is fatal not to go through with it† (309). In addition, by this event, Updike is also wants to reveal that these days, boys will do anything for the girls they like, just like Sammy. Moreover, Sammy knew that when he made that decision, everything will be much harder for him: â€Å"And my stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter† (310). But he realizes that he had done the right thing and what w as done had to be done.Moreover, Sammy also indicated that he didn't want to end up like Stokesie, who was married with two kids, and will probably work in the store for the rest of his life in order to support his family. Stokesie suggests what Sammy 2 might become if he were to continue to work at the A;P. For this, Sammy is adapted to a change in his life by resigning as a cashier at A ; P. Towards the end of the story when he announces that he is quitting, he goes on to say: â€Å"a couple customers that had been heading for my slot begin to knock against each other, like scared pigs in a chute† (309).Readers may have sympathetic feelings of Sammy, because he dare to take actions even that he knew that everything will be much harder for him. It never even crossed his mind that he would quit his job because of girls. In the other hand, readers may not realize that Sammy would go far beyond. But what he had done was realistic, because people always do something that they re alize will ruin their life ahead, in other words, people sometimes do craps in their life.Thus, Sammy, the first person narrator, plays an essential role in portraying an in depth viewpoint of the story. His portrayal of a typical teen working in a dead-end job, his thoughts and feelings are very obvious in the story â€Å"A & P. † He develop through out the story, he did some outstanding decision that the reader would not expect. 3 Work Cited Updike, John. â€Å"A;P†. A Pocketful of Prose: Vintage Short Fiction Volume 1. Madden, David. Boston: Thomson Higher Education, 2006. 4

A Study Of The Flawed Competition Market Of Skechers Sdn. Bhd

A Study Of The Flawed Competition Market Of Skechers Sdn. Bhd Imperfect competition market is a market where there are one or several vendors who dominate the market or prices, as well as few buyers dominates a market or prices. Imperfect competition does not followed some rules of of perfect competition. When dealing with imperfect competition the equilibrium price can be influenced by the actions of agents. In imperfect competition the price of goods can increase above their marginal cost and thus have customers decrease their level of purchase, and so reach inefficient levels of production. The existence of the various parties that dominate the market or the price of goods and services will produce diversity forms of imperfectly competitive market. In general, the types or forms of imperfect competition markets is monopoly market, olygopoly market, monopolistic market, monopsony market, and oligopsony market. Skechers Sdn. Bhd is the type of imperfect competition. Skechers Sdn. Bhd is company that offers a high-performance footwear brand. They designs, developes and market more than 3000 styles who are design for men, women, and kids. The company sells its footwear in department, speciality and independent stores, as well as more than 1100 company-owned Skechers retail stores as well as online bussiness at skechers.com.the company’s success stems from it’s high quality, diversified, and affordable product line that meets consumers variuos lifestyle needs. Based on the investigation that we made Skechers Sdn. Bhd use monopolistic competition to market their product. It refers to that market in which many producers produce goods which are close substitutes of each other. The number of producers is sufficiently large and each one of them produces goods which are similar, but not the same. The term used to describe this is product differentiation. This market we often meet when we visit the supermarket. There we will find a variety of forms, types and brands of similar but not identical. Physicall difference means that the product of one firm is physically different from the other product of other firms. Physicall differentiton is done through differences in materials use, design, colour etc. For example, Skechers, Adidas, and Nike are a footware brand that offers same product in market. Although all shoes have same functions which is to protect feet from injuiry, but every product produced by different manufacturers have the specific cha racteristics of their own product. Skechers use physically differentitiation product to compete with other footwear manufactures this can be proof when they offer a wonderfull design, comfort features, offered with variety of colors , and a low price etc. In a monopolistic market, manufacturers have the ability to influence the price although the effect is not as producers of market monopoly or oligopoly. This ability comes from the nature of the goods produced. Because of the differences and characteristics of the goods, consumers will not easily switch to another brand, and continue to choose the brand even though producers raise prices. For example, the shoe market in Malaysia. A shoe is tend to be homogeneous, but each of it has its own special features. For example Skechers, which has comfort features and attractive design that can be used in various events whether formal or informal. While Adidas has the advantage with their high-quality product. As a result, every brand has loyal customers each. Under monopolistic competition there is freedom of entry and exit. Thus under monopolistik competition it is found that both that features of competition and monopoly are present. For example, there are number of manufactures producing different brands of footwear like Skechers, Adidas, Nike etc. The manufacturer of Skechers has got the monopoly of producing it. Nobody can produce and sell footwear with the name Skechers. But at the same time their faces competition from other manufactures of footwear as their product are close subtitutes of Skechers footwear. Firms under monopolistic competition market incur a considerable expenditures on advertisement and selling cost so as to win over customers. In order to promote sale firms follow definete-methods af competing rivals other than prices. Advertisemet is a prominent example of non-price competition. The advertisment and other selling cost by a firm that change the consumer’s wants for their product and attract more customers. For example, Skechers has appointed a Hong Kong actor and singer, Sammi Cheng as their official spokesperson brand to promote their new product named as Skechers Gorun.According to Sanmi this Skechers new product have attractive design and offers with more bright colors to increase the confidence and spirit of the wearer, this shoes are also equipped with sensor tecnhnology that responds to brain. Users will detect and correct reaction of the positions they run thus making the run more comfortable.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION - Essay Example ture is an element in shaping these factors as well as the underlying attitudes about various issues such as work, success, wealth, authority, equity and so on. Language differences: One of the major causes of miscommunication is the use of language. This can happen even if two people speak the same language, because of differences in usage. Frequently, people from different cultures speak different languages. In these cases, communication occurs through a process of translation. Unfortunately, translation often fails to convey the spirit of the communication. In some cases, it changes the meaning altogether, and in others it has unintended connotations. A couple of examples cited by Ekwulugo (94) illustrate the impact of language differences and how they can make communications go haywire. The first concerns General Motors’ popular automobile brand Chevy Nova, a name that is well known and popular in many countries of the world, and associated with an efficient and prestigious car. In Spanish, this name means â€Å"Does not go†, which grossly misrepresents the message that the company wants to convey. Perception: Different people perceive things differently. One of the reasons for this difference in perception is the way people have been conditioned. Perception is the way people process information. Raw data that comes to a person is converted to information because of such processing. Different words and symbols acquire different meanings in different cultures. For example, making a circle with the thumb and index finger means â€Å"okay† in America, signifies money in Japan, and is the equivalent of showing the soles of one’s feet in Thailand. Torn and shabby clothes are a sign of poverty to Indians, while in parts of Europe they signify freedom. It is clear that when an American is trying to say Okay, a person from Thailand will understand it as an offensive gesture (Pickton & Broderick 53) Values and beliefs: Values and beliefs also affect communication

International business strategic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International business strategic - Assignment Example One of the most important influences of globalization has been upon technological innovation and the necessity of collaborating resources to gain competitive advantages. The changes in the technological front have facilitated better utilization of resources and overcome the barriers associated with lack of resources. As a result many nations were successful in overcoming their economic weaknesses and produce in a more effective manner. Many consider globalization to be a phenomenon associated with growth and prosperity. Globalization also includes interaction of cultures, social values, political aspects and flow of ideas and information between different nations. The concept of globalization is a debatable aspect. It has impacted different nation in diverse ways. The free flow of capital and resources has facilitated bringing together the developed nations and has integrated them more strongly. Many developing nations displayed a steady rate of growth while many had lost their competitiveness and displayed lagging trends of economic prosperity. There exists a large degree of heterogeneity in the impacts of globalization across nations. In many nations it was observed that globalization led to increasing the gap existing between the rich and the poor nations. Similar factors have also impacted the manner in which multinational enterprises in developed and developing nations function and grow. Developed economy multinational enterprises (DMNEs) are seen to procure greater advantages and grow more rapidly than the emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Multinational enterprises keep looking for innovative ways of doing business by procuring new ideas, suppliers, resources and customers. MNEs from developed nations are able to do achieve growth more easily due to their immense financial capabilities. On the other hand multinational organizations in the developing nation are required to struggle more to achieve growth and competitiveness. The current

Marketing Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Analysis - Assignment Example Nevertheless, the discussion of the assignment endeavours to identify the key elements of marketing mix approach by analysing these and provides effective recommendations in relation to the primary objective of commencing bicycle shop in the growing market of Oxford. The overview of the current bicycle shop business industry in the UK has long been witnessed to attain major growth since the preceding few decades. In relation to the emerging trends, the bicycle business industry in the UK has been apparently witnessed to accomplish 8.5% growth in the year 2012 (Reed Business Media, 2013). In the context of size, the cycling market of Oxford is noted to gain continuous development especially across the locations adjacent to the universities and other educational areas (Farrelly, 2014). According to the recent observation of the market, the size of the cycling market in Oxford is mainly covered by a wide range of demographics including the income level, gender along with current social status of the customers (Grous, 2011). Correspondingly, the emerging trend of using bicycle by the students and other customer groups in an immense manner is also noted to ensure a major opportunity for the marketers to successfully attain their desired commercial goals (Association of the European Two-Wheeler Parts’ Accessories’ Industry, 2012; Transport for London, 2010). It is worth mentioning that the aspects including strong social inclusion and greater focus on environmental protection related interests of the customers can be duly regarded as the major external environment factors leading to increase the demand of bicycle in Oxford (Nielsen, 2010). The recent trend regarding the use of bicycle in Oxford has been viewed to experience continuous development. In relation to an in-depth observation, it is evident that the city of Oxford along with its surrounding areas are experiencing continuous growth due to the usage of bicycles for different purposes. The

A critical examination of the relationship between entrepreneurial Dissertation

A critical examination of the relationship between entrepreneurial succession and knowledge development in Italian family businesses - Dissertation Example The study aims to ascertain which factors are significantly correlated with succession effectiveness from Italian business owners’ perspective; and to determine which knowledge management factors are significantly correlated with succession effectiveness from Italian business successors’ perspective. Through a convenience sample of 29 family-owned Italian businesses, the study found that all of the subscales in Pyromalis et al’s (2006) framework have been agreed upon by the owners of family-owned Italian businesses. These include their willingness to step aside in favour of their successors; the successors’ perceived willingness to take over; positive family relations and communication have received agreement from the owners; succession planning; and successor’s appropriateness and preparation. The factors which are significantly correlated with the effectiveness of the succession effort from the point of view of owners were ascertained, and these t urned out to be successor’s willingness to take over; positive family relations and communication; succession planning; and successor’s appropriateness and preparation. In addition, all of the subscales of Krueger & Day (2010) were agreed upon by the respondents and these include perception and creativity; intention; key beliefs and attitudes or self-efficacy; deeper beliefs and knowledge structures; entrepreneurial learning; and context matters. Finally, the following facets of knowledge management are significantly and positively correlated with perceived effectiveness of the succession effort:... positive family relations and communication have received agreement from the owners; succession planning; and successor’s appropriateness and preparation. The factors which are significantly correlated with the effectiveness of the succession effort from the point of view of owners were ascertained, and these turned out to be successor’s willingness to take over; positive family relations and communication; succession planning; and successor’s appropriateness and preparation. In addition, all of the subscales of Krueger & Day (2010) were agreed upon by the respondents and these include perception and creativity; intention; key beliefs and attitudes or self-efficacy; deeper beliefs and knowledge structures; entrepreneurial learning; and context matters. Finally, the following facets of knowledge management are significantly and positively correlated with perceived effectiveness of the succession effort: Key beliefs and attitudes or self-efficacy; entrepreneurial l earning; context matters; and deeper beliefs and knowledge structures. Recommendations on further improving the succession efforts at Italian family-owned businesses have been put forth. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background In this chapter, the researcher shall present basic information on the concept of succession (especially in Italian families) and how knowledge is developed within each generation to keep the business afloat through the generations. In Italy, the majority of businesses that keep the country’s economy afloat are small businesses and most of these are â€Å"family-owned.† (ISTAT, 1996). Studies on Italian families have also shown that family members tend to â€Å"diffuse† their time for their family along with other routine activities, such as running a business (Arcidiacono and Pontecorvo,

The Greenest Preservred Historical Places in New Orleans Essay

The Greenest Preservred Historical Places in New Orleans - Essay Example These attractions therefore, greatly attract a large numbers of tourists who come to visit various places all over the country. The country has good tourism and hospitality hence enjoy a lager number of tourists every season. In this country tourism is one of the largest and most vital sectors in the economy (Poesch, 49). It is proud to amongst one of the states with several historic structures and districts. In order to uphold this status, New Orleans has come up with history preservation law which allows for designation of properties with or without the owners consent. This has been made much easier as the owner have been compensated through TDR law that facilitates the transfer of unused rights in development from properties having historical rights to those in other locations with historic landmarks(Poesch, 342). Back in 2007, New Orleans established the preservation salvage store with the sole aim of preserving the identity and architecture of the state. The store is used as a p lace to keep donated material from demolished structures. These materials are then resold to other people at low and affordable prices. Through this initiative, numerous architectural features have been reused into the famous housing store in New Orleans therefore ensuring the preservation of the rich multicultural inheritance. New Orleans is known world over of its outstanding, unique architectural designs ranging from cottages made of Creole to huge mansions on the St. Charles Avenue. Several architectural styles ranging from baroque cabildo to the considered modernist skyscrapers found in the central business district (Poesch, 276). The stores have other importance in New Orleans in that it plays a greater role in â€Å"greening† of New Orleans. For instance those materials salvaged from sand fills are environmentally safe and therefore advisable for use in rebuilding and renovation of homes. Instead of constructing new structures, the store provides an option of reinvesti ng in the cities’ present housing stock (Poesch, 92). Many might be wondering why New Orleans has been so much into advocating for building new â€Å"green† structures instead of utilizing those that are already built. It has been proven that reusing an old water bottle is a great idea instead of buying a new one. For this reason the question of why not using the old building then instead of constructing new ones? Because of this, different line of thoughts (new Orleans city council and Vieux carre commission-a conservationist group, have clashed over the idea of installation of solar panel on the roof tops in the French quarter. The council recommended that the solar panels are to be black and be placed at an angle which will blend best with the roof color. This idea was welcome by most residence who said that it was in line with objective of making French quarter an exciting, habitable community. The solar panel to be installed would in deed provide energy that can b e utilized by the residence and thereby reducing their cost of living in terms of electricity cost, this was the point being posed by the city council (Poesch, 187). According to Alter, a professor at the school of interior design, Ryerson University, best way forward to combat problems resulting from climate change is by focusing less on the â€Å"green gizmo†

Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, Ltd. Case Study Research Paper

Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, Ltd. Case Study - Research Paper Example One is to remember that it is difficult to make use of one particular leadership style for different types of contexts. However, the leader may demonstrate the best style or a combination of styles for each exclusive leadership context. From the case study, it has been apparent that Sir Richard Branson is one of the most influential, successful and enduring business leaders. Among numerous leadership styles such as autocratic leadership style, participative leadership style and laissez-faire style as well as in terms of authentic leadership model, expert power and referent power models, it can be analyzed that the leadership style demonstrated by Richard Branson is a laissez-faire leadership style. He has been successful in genuinely serving his employees and customers by means of his leadership. He has been interested in empowering the employees that he leads in order to make a vital difference. Richard Branson has natural leadership gifts and, thus, he makes use of his natural abil ities. It has been apparent from the case study that Richard Branson always believed in building long-term relationships with people. Authentic leaders generally learn from their failures. Richard Branson has focused on preparing himself to have another attempt at any failed activity with the required knowledge that he gained from his previous failure. One of the well known facts regarding authentic leaders is that they draw encouragement from their own lives. Richard Branson seems to be inspired by his mother who taught him not to look back in regret but rather to move on to the next task. An authentic leader is someone who is not frightened to admit his mistakes and, therefore, makes efforts to overcome his limitations. By facing weaknesses and declining to compromise with them, Richard Branson tends to identify ways to beat the weaknesses, which helps him to become a strong leader. Richard Branson also seems to possess expert and referent power. He has been capable of influencing others’ behaviors owing to the recognized competencies, talents and knowledge. He is capable of influencing others because his employees respect, admire and like him as a person. Whenever Richard Branson experiences any kind of setbacks, he chooses to pick himself up and try again. His principles are based on the belief that entrepreneurs will only succeed if they have good people around them and they listen to the superior’s advice. Authentic leaders such as Richard Branson care for themselves as well as the people that they lead, and their compassion is genuine (Harvard Business School, 2012). Richard Branson practices self-discipline by incorporating balance into his personal and professional lives. While most of the executives focus upon serving their customers as well as stockholders, Richard Branson believes that the correct hierarchical system in any organization is to have ‘employee at the first position’, ‘customer next’ and ‘s tockholders at the end’. It is because of the effectiveness of Richard Branson’s leadership style that Virgin Group Limited has been capable of becoming a multibillion-dollar worldwide conglomerate and one of the most recognized brands in the world. It has been identified that most of the US leaders tend to have participative leadership styles. Therefore, it can be stated that although Laissez-Faire leadership style tends to

Toxic waste-see information I sent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toxic waste-see information I sent - Essay Example the December 3, 1984 incident in Bhopal wherein 3,000 residents were immediately killed after an industrial accident and produced toxic wastes that continued to cause adverse effects to the residents of the said city. In the same manner, this paper would look into the actions of the government in trying to solve these problems and why they are always blamed for their inefficiency and apathy when it comes to environmental problems. On September 11, 2000, the environmental group, Greenpeace blamed the Indian government for its failure to protect the country from being a dumping ground for toxic wastes (Bbc.co.uk 1). According to the same group, industrialized nations such as Germany, the United States, Australia, United Kingdom, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and Norway all contribute in the exportation of their industrial wastes and hazardous materials to India. These include the following: (1) zinc ash; (2) lead waste; (3) used batteries; and finally, (4) metal scraps. BBC.co.uk (1) says that these toxic wastes continue to enter the country despite the ban implemented by the Indian Supreme Court back in 1997 due to the country’s lack of mechanism that could help in the enforcement of these laws. Aside from blaming the inefficiency of the government in dealing with environmental problems, Greenpeace, in BBC.co.uk (1) also blames the exporting country governments in taking advantage of the limitations of the India’s regulatory structure, thus continuing to export more toxic wastes to the country, Baynham (1) also recognized the inability of the Indian government to enforce laws to help in preventing the toxic wastes mentioned above from entering the country. In fact, India is a signatory of various international laws such as the Basel Convention which aims to curb the trade of toxic materials and the Stockholm Convention Persistent Organic Pollutants which says that landfills are not proper disposal sites of PCB wastes. The aforementioned is said to have

Formats of Income Statement and Balance Sheet Essay Example for Free

Formats of Income Statement and Balance Sheet Essay Income statement: In the case of sole proprietary and partnership concerns there are no prescribed forms of the income statement and balance sheet. Their preparation is also desirable but not compulsory. However, they are generally prepared. In the case of trading concern, a trading account and in the case of a manufacturing concern, a manufacturing account and a trading account can also be prepared. In such a case, the account heading is mentioned as follows: Manufacturing/trading and profit and loss account. In the case of joint stock companies preparation of the profit and loss account and balance sheet every year is compulsory. There is no prescribed form (except in the case of banking and insurance companies) of the income statement or profit and loss account. The account is titled as Profit and loss account The results of manufacturing and trading activities may; however, be shown separately in the account. The profit and loss account is usually prepared in a T shape. In the case of joint stock company, the manufacturing, trading and profit and loss account is prepared in the above format except with three modifications: I.The heading given is only Profit and loss account for taxation in the profit and loss account; II.The net profit is shown after making provisions for taxation in the profit and loss account; III.Figures, for the previous period, if any, have also to be given. Profit and loss appropriation account: In the case of joint stock companies, a profit and loss appropriation account is also prepared. It explains as to how the profit earned during the period has been distributed. Balance sheet: There is no prescribed form of balance sheet for a sole proprietary or a partnership concern. However, the assets and liabilities may be shown in any of the following orders: I.Liquidity order II.Permanency Order In case the concern adopts liquidity order, the assets which are more readily convertible into cash are taken into account initially and those which are not so readily convertible are taken into account subsequently. Similarly those liabilities which are payable first are taken into account initially and those payable later on are taken into account subsequently and so on. In the case of permanency order, the reverse order is followed. As per the law applicable to some governments, every balance sheet of a company shall give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company as at the end of the financial year. Similarly, every profit and loss account of a company shall give a true and fair view of the profit or loss account of the company for the financial year.

Swot Analysis of Proton Holding Berhad Essay Example for Free

Swot Analysis of Proton Holding Berhad Essay Two years later, On 9th July 1985 the Proton Saga was officially launched. It was Malaysia’s first domestically produced car and is still sold in Malaysia and other countries today. The original factory plant, covering 99,400 sq m, is situated at Shah Alam near Kuala Lumpur in central Malaysia. The site also houses an engine and transmission factory, a castings plant, RD centre and a semi-high speed test track. The factory is currently producing 240,000 units per annum. Opened in 2005, a state of the art assembly plant was constructed at Tanjung Malim, 60 miles north of Kuala Lumpur. This area has been named Proton City and consists of 500 hectare site containing the factory, plant, housing, a university and other commercial buildings to accommodate component suppliers. This plant produces the three newest model ranges, the GEN-2, Savvy and Satria Neo. Proton’s total workplace in Malaysia totals just over 6,000 personnel working in all areas of vehicle design, RD, production and manufacturing. With a solid base built up since 1983, Malaysia’s car manufacturing industry is progressing rapidly. Proton tool a major step forward in upgrading its engineering capabilities when it acquired a share in Lotus are closely involved in Proton’s new model development, with a team of engineers permenantly based at the design and development centre in Malaysia. The Company has come a long way since 1983, PROTON was publicly listed on the Kuala Lumpur stock Exchange in 1992, and today, Proton cars are exported to mor than 50 countries worldwide. Key export markets include Australia, Singappore, the far East and the UK, where during 2009 it celebrates 20 years in the market place. Since 1989, Proton Cars (UK) Ltd have been offering the British public reliable value for money vehicles. With each new model, Proton have improved and set new standards, earning a loyal group of customers, some of whom have recently purchased their 8th Proton vehicle.

Models Of Strategic Change

Models Of Strategic Change Strategic Change Management This unit is written with reference to strategic change management. It gives an understanding of the models of strategic change making the concept clear. It gives an insight into the theories to make the idea a positive concept and not a negative one. Change is not always negative. It paves way for a development too but it is often taken as something that disturbs routine. It is difficult to do something other than the normal way but we do fail to accept the fact that a change can make things work better and whatever changes are made should have been decided after quite consideration. Change has become the normal way of life but success requires an organization to optimize and coordinate across the whole business. Understanding the different types of change that are required and the options available for management is a critical step in building the capacity to manage change within your organization. Acknowledgements I dedicate this assignment to my mother who worked hard all lifelong only for the upbringing of her daughters. She stood for us like the Rock Gibraltar in times of trouble. Being a single mother, she struggled hard sometimes even to feed us. Life has been too unkind to her but she never complained rather tried her best to give us a positive image of the world and the power to struggle and a never say die attitude. I am indebted to her giving me life and the power to live it in a decent way. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. Acknowledgements Introduction Task 1 Task 1.1 Discuss the models of strategic change Task 1.2 Relevance of models of strategic change to organizations in the current economy Task 1.3 Assess the value of using strategic intervention techniques Task 2 Task 2.1 Examine the need for change in an organization Task 2.2 Assess the factors that are driving the need for strategic change in an organization Task 2.3 Assess the resource implications of the organization not responding to strategic change Task 3 Task 3.1 Develop systems to involve stakeholders in the planning of change Task 3.2 Develop a change management strategy with stakeholders Task 3.3 Evaluate the systems used to involve stakeholders in the planning of change Task 3.4 Create a strategy for managing resistance to change Task 4 Task 4.1 Develop appropriate models for change Task 4.2 Plan to implement a model for change Task 4.3 Develop appropriate measures to monitor progress Introduction This unit helps would-be-managers to understand the nature of change and to cope with it. It gives an understanding about change and the ways to manage with it without disturbing the working of the organization. In this unit we have discussed the different definitions and models of change which have been given by thinkers in the past which helps in evaluating the relevance of models of strategic change to organizations in the current economy. As we proceed, we examine the need for change and assess the factors that are driving the need for it. Also, the resource implications are discussed which do not respond to strategic change. The theories given by Kotter, Prosci, Lewis and others are milestones of the research on change management. Their theories have helped in thorough understanding of change management. As the topic develops, it gives vital information on the reasons of change in markets, budget pressures, new technologies and other new programs such as TQM and re-engineering. All in all, the topic is an important resource on the factors and implications that bring change. Another unavoidable and inseparable resource of the organization is stakeholders of the company. The topic discusses about systems modelling, divergence and convergence and methods of involving them into organization. It is also quite obvious that change brings resistance; therefore this unit enables us to manage resistance giving a way to strategies such as communications, education, forums, etc. The entire work gives a clear picture of change management. All a manager needs is to understand the criteria and manage with a difference on the guidelines of the researchers. Task 1: Discuss the Models of Strategic Change There are many theories about how to manage change. Most of the theories originate with leadership and change management guru, John Kotter who is a professor at Harvard Business School and world renowned change expert. The following eight steps in the change process are his contribution. JOHN KOTTER: Eight steps to transforming an organization (Kotter.J, 1995) Establishing a sense of urgency Forming a powerful guiding coalition Creating a vision Communicating the vision Empowering others to act on the vision Planning and creating short term wins Consolidating improvements and producing still more change Institutionalising new approaches Kotters research gave a whole new way to managing change. A programme of planned change and improved performance developed by Lewin involves the management of a three-phase process of behaviour modification. H:collegeimagesCAW3ZYXL.jpg Lewins Change Management Model Source: http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-lewin.htm Unfreeze- Reducing those forces which behaviour in its present form, recognition of the need for change and improvement to occur. Movement Development of new attitudes or behaviour and the implementation of change. Refreezing Stabilising change at the new level and reinforcement (Hardy 1996) A new culture should be created within the organization such that managers look to change as an opportunity and adapt their business system to continuously emerging conditions. (Hussey 2000) Proscis ADKAR Effective change management demands five key goals to form the basic ADKAR model: Awareness of the need to change Desire to participate and support the change Knowledge of how to change (and what change looks like) Ability to implement the change on a day-to-day basis Reinforcement to keep the change in place (Hiatt 2003) http://www.change-management.com/tutorials/baseballhands.jpg Proscis ADKAR Source: http://techotoys.com/qwxDnJu0J/ Action Research Action research refers to a way to look at ones own work practically and check as he would like it to be. Because research is done by the person himself or the practitioner, it is called practitioner based research. It is also referred to as a form of self reflective practice because it involves the person himself and his own work. (Hardy 1999) http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQcsVE4Cf5vBAswROm2rCiHEY7RlOeA6qasGK7xErfJZgmC-mlT5whttp://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQcsVE4Cf5vBAswROm2rCiHEY7RlOeA6qasGK7xErfJZgmC-mlT5w http://www.llas.ac.uk/images/projects/action_research.gif Action research Source: http://www.llas.ac.uk/projects/2837 Task 1.2 Evaluate the relevance of models of strategic change to organizations in the current economy Teambuilding Consensus Strategic change models, as discussed above are the keys to success of any organization provided they are implemented in a sophisticated way. To achieve effective team decision making leadership, (Franzen 1994) describes Consensus Team Decision Making CTDM model which has three key pillars. Maintain high conceptual level Strive towards consensus Manage the decision making process Strategic interventions Types of interventions selected for a project although depend on variety; they are highly concentrated in a project. Strategic interventions are useful in situations like Rapid changes in the external environment Rapid or stagnant sales Increased competition Rapid expansion of markets Mergers and acquisitions (Lewin 2005) Decision Making Contingency Theory of Decision Making Decision participative contingency theory or the Normative Decision Theory is a model which says that the efficiency of a decision procedure depends on a number of aspects of the situation: the importance of decision quality and acceptance; the quantity of relevant information possessed by the leader and subordinates. (Fiedler 1999) In the autocratic style, the leader takes decisions without consulting others. (Lewin 2005) The participative style leadership, also known as participative democratic leadership style does the job of creating and maintaining healthy relationships between the employees and their leaders.(Kotter 2007) Proactive and Reactive (Whitehead 2006) PROACTIVE REACTIVE Needs to have and use own answers Understands the power of and uses team in solving problems Makes decisions by self Requests that team members make decisions Pushes for results Shares a vision so compelling the team wants to move towards it Reacts to change Foresees and influences change Teaches team to expect direction Teaches team to be self reliant Focuses on finding and fixing problems Focuses on achieving performance outcomes Quick to punish on mistakes Lets the team learn by errors Task 1.3 Assess the value of using strategic intervention techniques in the organization The most important asset of any organization is human resource and strategic intervention helps them to adjust with the changing strategies of the organization and understand it.(George 1999). At Sapphire Beauty Box, it is vital to have a peaceful mind and sound behaviour as this profession deals with direct clientele. The method of strategic intervention assists the employees of Sapphire to find meanings to their life, discover what, and why they do and how to meet their needs in positive and negative ways which helps to promote sustainable change. (Hiatt 2006) Human Process Interventions: These are helpful in particular during change project in organizations where there are some combinations of many new employees, different cultures, working together, many conflicts, etc. Activities: Coaching, counseling, delegating, group learning, virtual teams, etc. ( Hiatt and Creasey 2003) Techno-structural Interventions: These interventions are helpful in particular for rapid growth but few internal systems to sustain growth, many complaints from customers, etc. Activities: Balanced scorecard, downsizing and out placing, ISO 9000, Six sigma, etc.(Kurt 2005) Human Resource Management interventions: These interventions are helpful in situations like establishment of new organizational goals, implementation of technology for a short time, low productivity, etc. Activities: Staffing, evaluating performance, career development, employee wellness programme (George 1999) Task 2.1 Examine the need for strategic change in the chosen organization Reasons for change Change in market: The United Kingdom is going through recession and there has been recession and the CPI annual inflation has rose to 3.3%. (London Business Times 2009). There has been increase in prices, job loss, bankruptcy and what not. Every business has gone through losses and needs to cover up their expenses. (Fiedler 1999). At this point of time, Sapphire needs to change accordingly to ease customers at their purse and still keep them coming. Economic downturns: Due to price rise, the raw material needed at the store is also become expensive. It is important to cover the costs by bringing about change in the organization. (Paul 1996) Customer Expectations: There is a very hard competition in the market especially in the beauty field. Customers get attracted to offers and it is not easy to get their confidence. To invest into customers, It is important to change the strategies accordingly. (Kotter and Cohen 2002) Competitive Edge: Competition is healthy but can be fatal if the strategies become too monotonous and outdated. There is need for change to face competition. (Kotter 1995) Sapphire needs to be updated with products and material being used by competitors and try to do better than other turning the tables towards them. (Kotter 2007) Mergers: The merger of the organization with another can lead to change in strategy as the new staff can have better ideas and plans to make the company a success. (Paul 1996). If Sapphire merges with another company to make it a success, it may have to revise the ways to do things. Change in mission: If the mission of the company changes, obviously there has to be a different strategy to deal with it. The mission of Sapphire is to fight ageing and make people look beautiful but now the market demands more of stress releasing treatments. So Sapphire needs to rethink about its strategy. (Franzen and Hardaker 1999) Task 2.2 Assess the factors that are driving the need for strategic change in an organization The Shifting Economy The economy is so very changing and dynamic. Due to the unpredictability of it, the organization is in constant need of change in the strategy and economic plan. This is more prevalent since recession Environmental factors There are certain environmental changes that have an effect on the production and sales. These changes are to be monitored and the demand of change arises. Financial pressure There occur financial pressures on the organizations, in order to meet deadlines and targets. In order to handle finances, there has to be a change in finance plans. This is where the need for change management occurs. Technological advances There has been drastic change in production, marketing, outsourcing and other fields due to technology. The organization needs upgrading and has to keep in pace with the technological advances to succeed in its mission and make way for growth. Keeping in mind the factors discussed above, there is a need for change. Funding cuts With the recession in the economy, the company has cut down on costs and funds. There is need for change in financial strategy to keep the balance. Competition Competition is a healthy asset for any business. To keep up to the standards and do better than others is very important, hence it is vital to keep a watch at what others are doing and bring change in the company accordingly. Task 2.3 Assess the resource implications of the organization not responding to strategic change Restructuring of HR- If the company does not respond to the changes as discussed above, it may have to face severe consequences and lose in the process. The organization will have to restructure the HR making way for a new beginning. There have to be leaders chosen again and staff employed for the smooth working of the company. Interview and hire of new employees Interviewing and hiring of new staff will have to be done which is a time consuming and costly process for any business. Redundancies The organization will have redundancies if proper steps for the change are not taken in time. This will affect the working and time management of the strategy of work. Training Training is another costly and time taking process. It takes a lot to train the employees and bear the costs. If the need for strategic change is understood, there is no need for the organization to bear costs or losses. ire Task 3.1 Develop systems to involve stakeholders in the planning of change in the chosen organization A stakeholder is one who has something to gain or lose through the outcomes of a planning process or project. These are also called interest groups and can have a strong bearing on the outcomes of political processes. It is useful for research projects to identify and analyse the needs and concerns of different stakeholders, particularly when these projects have an effect on policy Input-output transformation model Operations management transforms inputs (labour, capital, equipment, land, buildings, materials and information) into outputs (goods and services) that provide added value to customers. Transformation System is the critical element in the model that determines how well the company produces goods and services that meet consumer needs. It does not matter whether the organization is a for-profit company, a non-profit organization (religious organizations, hospitals, etc.), or a government agency; all organizations must strive to maximize the quality of their transformation processes to meet customer needs. Steps Involved Step 1: Clarify the research or policy change objective (Problem Tree Analysis or objectives analysis might help with this.) Stap 2: Identify all the stakeholders or interest groups associated with this objective, problem or issue. Stakeholders can be organizations, groups, departments, structures, networks or individuals. Stakeholder table http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5257title=stakeholder-analysis Step 3: Using the grid organise the stakeholders in different matrices according to their interest and power. Interest measures to what degree they may to be affected by the research project. Power measures the influence they have over the project or policy, and to what degree they can help achieve, or block, the desired change. The Cultural Web CulturalWeb The Cultural Web http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_90.htm The Cultural Web identifies six interrelated elements Johnson and Scholes (2002) call it the paradigm the pattern or model of the work environment. By analyzing the factors in each, you can begin to see what is working, what isnt working, and what needs to be changed. The six elements are: The past events and people talked about inside and outside the company. Who and what the company chooses to celebrate say a great deal about what it values, and perceives as great behaviour. The daily behaviour and actions of people that indicate acceptable behaviour. This determines what is expected to happen in given situations, and what is valued by management. The visual representations of the company including logos, how exquisite the offices are, and the dress codes. Multiple Cause Diagrams http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSdVRFuXnr_B3dlTLYyaZepQmDbF-NMDoz5q0TClaUYPXfxVGPVt=1 Multiple cause diagrams http://ilearn.cto.int/login/index.php Multiple cause diagrams are a way of using interconnectedness to shape up a complex situation. They represent both adequate and casual cause without making a distinction between them. This system is pictured as an interconnected group of events or effects to cause an effect as a purpose. Sometimes, if the input cause is removed, the output cause continues to happen, may be because feedback loops are present or other causes drive the effect. Influencing skills The careless reception of authority is becoming increasingly less common in the world. To get things done, it is better to rely on commitment rather than authority. For example, gaining co-operation from other departments. Task 3.2 Develop a change management strategy with stakeholders in the chosen organization Developing a winning strategy is messier than textbooks suggest. Most insights that are important for formulating strategies rest in the heads of operating managers. (Kotter 2007) The Stakeholder Circle This is designed to put stakeholders on the project management radar. It is a proven method supported by a tough, easy to use tool that guides us through five easy steps namely: Identify your projects stakeholders and understand their needs Prioritize the stakeholders on the basis of power, proximity and urgency. Visualize the key stakeholders using the Stakeholder Circle. Engage with the stakeholders by building and implementing an effective communication plan. Monitor changes as you update and review your stakeholders at key points in the project. Public Hearings: There can be events where stakeholders are allowed to give evidence or question general public authorities about decisions. Public hearings: Regulated, formal arrangements for times and places at which members of the general public and other types of stakeholders can give evidence or question public authorities about decisions. Deliberative Polling: This collects views when people are introduced to the issue and think about it. It also includes a feedback session. Task 3.3 Evaluate the systems used to involve stakeholders in the planning of change in the chosen organization The stakeholder model is helpful in explaining the rules of the economic game and the link between stakeholder value and competitive advantage. The stakeholder strategy plan guides us on how to interact and communicate with each stakeholder during different stages of a project. It also helps to define who should participate, in what ways and on what level of the project. It gives thorough knowledge of the matter and suits best to most organizations. Other ways such as polling, seminars and workshops are also perfect ways to handle change in a proper manner. Task 3.4 Create a strategy for managing resistance to change in the chosen organization Selective Perception: Peoples self interpretation of stimuli presents a unique image of the real world and results in selective perception. This leads to biased view of the situation that fits into the perception of reality. Habit: People are used to the same way of doing things which makes a habit. It becomes serves as a source of comfort. Bringing about change brings resistance. Loss of Freedom: If the change is seen as an inconvenience, it reduces freedom of action or results in increased control, there will be resistance. Direct vs Indirect There is staff that may resist directly and others that may be indirect in resistance. Direct resistance is to oppose in a direct manner and fighting straight but indirect resistance is to show resistance by making excuses such as resigning. Task 4.1 Develop appropriate models for change in the chosen organization that will reflect their circumstances The best model for change that applies to Sapphire Beauty Box is Proscis Five Building Blocks change management model which includes the ADKAR The first thing Sapphire needs is the Awareness of the need for change. If the need for change is understood, half the job is done. Planned communication is essential for understanding. Sapphire needs change as there is a need for it. Next is the Desire to participate and help the change. The employees of Sapphire need to make a personal decision to support the change and sustain it too. The CEO announced incentives for individuals creating a desire to be a part of the change. The third building block is providing Knowledge. Sapphire held a seminar for imparting awareness for change, how to undergo change and how to implement it. Prosci (2003) suggested forums and mentoring for knowledge of change. Ability to implement required skills and behavior is another building block of the ADKAR model. It is the difference between theory and practice. Once knowledge is imparted on change, the performance of the individual needs to be supported. Sapphire can do this by practice, coaching and feedback. Lat, but not the least comes Reinforcement. It is the final and essential stage of the model where efforts to sustain the change is accentuated. It is to be ensured that changes stay in place and individuals do not revert to old ways. The ways to do it are positive feedback, recognition, rewarding, etc. Sapphire makes it a point to take feedback of the customers as well as the employees to keep both sides balanced. There is a Best Employee of the Month award scheme at Sapphire Beauty Box which inspires employees to do their best. http://www.change-management.com/tutorials/ADKAR-clip_image002.gif Proscis Change Management Model http://www.change-management.com/tutorial-adkar-overview.htm Task 4.2 Plan to implement a model for change considering the internal and external circumstances impacting on the organization Kaizen Method This is a Japanese method for continuous incremental improvement. It is a concept for gradual, continuous improvement. It assumes that every aspect of life has to be constantly improved. The main elements of Kaizen are effort, quality, and willingness to change, communication and involvement of employees. Its five founding elements are Teamwork Personal Discipline Improved Morale Quality Circles and Suggestions for Improvement. The Kaizen method is best for Sapphire Beauty Box as it is people oriented, requires long term discipline and easy to implement. Matrix Organizations This kind of organization offers the advantages of flexibility, greater security and control of project information. It establishes a grid with a two way flow of authority and responsibility. Task 4.3 Develop appropriate measures to monitor progress of the developed model Goal Based Evaluation To start with goal based evaluation, there can be two main questions we can ask for How has the programme made a difference Are the participants of the programme feeling better as a result of the programme? Outcome based evaluation is a way that determines if the project at Sapphire Beauty Box have achieved its goals. The organized process using OBE helps to establish clear outcomes, to measure benefits, clarify groups for which benefits are targeted. Other ways to monitor progress in Sapphire Beauty Box are regular reports of the activities being practiced in there. Meetings are also undertaken by higher authorities to administer the changes and keep a watch on them. Quality Circles appear simple and straightforward but have to be viewed in regard to Japanese culture and management systems. Quality circles are do work and are used successfully by British organizations. . CONCLUSION It can be concluded that strategic change is the key factor in any organization. Change is a pervasive influence. We are all subject to change in one form or the other which is continuous. The steps to change from Kotter give vital knowledge about making change Kotter is called the GURU in terms of change management. Proscis ADKAR building blocks give deep understanding and guidance for applying change and monitoring it to sustain change. Kurt Lewins change model is also an important one. The freeze, refreeze and transition stages develop new attitudes and behaviour.

How much is too much? :: Essays Papers

How much is too much? The founders of our country were all successful individuals who believed in the rights of an individual to succeed or fail on his own. Their experience with the British government convinced them that the less involvement by the government in economic affairs the better. These beliefs were central to the idea of liberal capitalism: that in a capitalist society, in order for everyone to enjoy economic opportunity, it was necessary for the government not to meddle in the nation's economy. As Americans we cling to a belief that if we just work a little harder, that if we sacrifice a little today, then tomorrow we will reap the benefits of our labors. Of course, history tells us that when big business and special interest groups dominate an economy by political influence, individual effort may not always equate to equal opportunity. There may be times when government intervention is necessary - but how much intervention by the government is necessary has always posed a problem. As American business became increasingly industrialized, living conditions for workers became worse and eventually a consensus developed under the "progressives," an umbrella term for different groups who saw the application of efficient business practices as a way to cure societal problems. Key to this belief was the idea that only government had the recourses to accomplish this. This steadily growing belief throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s would finally be put to the test 1929. After World War I, government non-intervention in the economy led to rampant speculation and borrowing. Many people borrowed money to invest in a stock market that only seemed to know how to go up. Unbeknownst to most Americans, bad economic decisions were being made by both businesses and the government's own economists. Decisions that would have terrible consequences on October 29, 1929, when the stock markets collapsed. President Herbert Hoover, a staunch believer in the Liberal conservative principle of non-government interference refused to intervene. Like most business-oriented people of the time, he believed that economies went through cycles of expansion and recession. He felt that this period of recession should be allowed to take its course Norton 473). As the economy continued to worsen, Americans elected into office a new President who offered to use the power of the government to do something about the economy. As the Progressives believed earlier, Franklin Roosevelt felt that only the federal government had the ability to marshal resources on a national level to stimulate the economy.

The Failure of Crace’s Quarantine :: Quarantine Essays

The Failure of Crace’s Quarantine Quarantine is the latest installment in a sub-genre of literature where the central conceit is to tell a story from the point of view of the minor characters in a famous tale, with the more renowned stars of the originals taking in subordinate roles. Quarantine he tells the story of Christ's forty days in the wilderness, but with Jesus shunted to the periphery, in favor of several other pilgrims. In particular, the novel focuses on a trader, Musa--dishonest, loutish, and brutal--whom Jesus almost incidentally brings back to life from an apparently fatal illness. In turn it is only Musa, despicable as he is, who realizes that there is something extraordinary about this young man from Galillee. The novel is only partially successful, in large measure because this structural technique falls flat. While Crace succeeds brilliantly in evoking the harsh atmosphere in which the quarantine takes place, the narrative comes to a screeching halt whenever Jesus is absent. Musa is simply too unpleasant a character for us to care what happens to him and none of the others really grab our attention. Nor can their stories hope to compete with the action we know to be taking place away from center stage. Crace's demystification of Jesus is not very effective either. On the one hand he portrays Jesus as merely an overly pious youth, estranged from his family because of his bizarre behavior, and says of those who undertake this desert ordeal : This was the season of the lunatics: the first new moon of spring was summoning those men--for lunatics are mostly men. They have the time and opportunity--to exorcize that part of them which sent them mad. Mad with grief, that is. Or shame. Or love. Or illness and visions. Mad enough to think that everything they did, no matter how vain or trivial, was of interest to their god. Mad enough to think that forty days of discomfort could put their world in order. The fact that Musa turns out to be such an unsuitable candidate for resurrection, defrauding his fellow travelers and finally even raping one young woman, is probably intended to be an ironic comment on the nature of "miracles." And the torments sent by Satan to test Jesus are revealed to be nothing but petty annoyances foisted upon him by Musa.

Curt flood :: essays research papers

Curt Flood was as crucial to the economic rights of ballplayers as Jackie Robinson was to breaking the color barrier. A three-time All-Star and seven-time winner of the Gold Glove for his defensive prowess in center field, Flood hit more than .300 six times during a 15-year major league career that began in 1956. Twelve of those seasons were spent wearing the uniform of the St. Louis Cardinals. After the 1969 season, the Cardinals attempted to trade Flood, then 31 years of age, to the Philadelphia Phillies, which set in motion his historic challenge of baseball’s infamous "reserve clause." The reserve clause was that part of the standard player’s contract which bound the player, one year at a time, in perpetuity to the club owning his contract. Flood had no interest in moving to Philadelphia, a city he had always viewed as racist ("the nation’s northernmost southern city"), but more importantly, he objected to being treated as a piece of prop erty and to the restriction of freedom embedded in the reserve clause. Flood was fully aware of the social relevance of his rebellion against the baseball establishment. Years later, he explained, "I guess you really have to understand who that person, who that Curt Flood was. I’m a child of the sixties, I’m a man of the sixties. During that period of time this country was coming apart at the seams. We were in Southeast Asia. Good men were dying for America and for the Constitution. In the southern part of the United States we were marching for civil rights and Dr. King had been assassinated, and we lost the Kennedys. And to think that merely because I was a professional baseball player, I could ignore what was going on outside the walls of Busch Stadium was truly hypocrisy and now I found that all of those rights that these great Americans were dying for, I didn’t have in my own profession." With the backing of the Players Association and with former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg arguing on his behalf, Flood pursued the case known as Flood v. Kuhn (Commissioner Bowie Kuhn) from January 1970 to June 1972 at district, circuit, and Supreme Court levels. Although the Supreme Court ultimately ruled against Flood, upholding baseball’s exemption from antitrust statutes, the case set the stage for the 1975 Messersmith-McNally rulings and the advent of free agency. The financial and emotional costs to Flood as a result of his unprecedented challenge of the reserve clause were enormous.

Math 208 Week One Individual

Chapter 1 – Section 1. 1 Write the interval of real numbers in interval notation and graph it. See Example 5. 50. The set of real numbers less than or equal to -4 Consider the following nine integers: -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 94. Which of these integers has an absolute value greater than 1? Solution: -4, -3, -2, 2, 3, 4 Write the interval notation for the interval of real numbers shown in the graph. __________________ -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 A B Hint: replace a with (-3) and evaluate each expression. Which are positive and which negative? a)-3 solution: positive (b)|-3| solution: positive (c)-|3| solution: negative (d)-(-3) = 3 solution: negative (e)-|-3| solution: negative Chapter 1 – Section 1. 2 Build up the fraction so that it is equivalent to the fraction with the indicated denominator. See Example 1. 5/7=? /98 (fraction problem) Let the missing number be x then Therefore, Convert the given fraction to both decimal and percent. See Example 8 or use a calculator. 19/20 = 0. 95, 95% Perform the indicated operations. See Example 7c. Chapter 1 – Section 1. 3Fill the correct value in the parentheses to make the statement correct. See Example 4. Solution : -9-(-2. 3) = -9 + 2. 3 Perform the indicated operations. -19-13=-32 Perform the indicated operations. 15 + (-39) = 15 – 39 = -24 Fill in the correct value in the parentheses so the equation is correct. Let the missing number be x then 13 + x = -4 Subtract 13 from each side, we will get x = -4 – 13 = -17 13 + (-17) = -4 Answer: -17 Chapter 1 – Section 1. 4 Perform the indicated operation. (-8)(-6) = 48 Perform the indicated operations and reduce to lowest terms. 9/10 x4/3 Solution: = – 36/30 = -6/5 Fill in the correct value in the parentheses so the equation is correct. -48 divided by ( )=6 -48/ x = 6 ?-48 = 6x ?x = -48/6 = -8 Therefore, -48 (-8) = 6 Chapter 1 – Section 1. 5 Evaluate the expression using order of operations.. See Example 8. 3[(2-3)^2 +6 (6-4)^2] = 3[(-1)^2 + 6*(2)^2] = 3[1 + 24] = 3*25 = 75 Evaluate each expression using order of operations.. See Example 8 a) 8 – 3 |5 – 4 + 1 | = 8 – 3|5-16+ 1| = 8 – 3|-10| = 8-3*10 = 8 – 30 = -22 Chapter 1 – Section 1. 6Evaluate each expression using a = -1, b = 2, and c = -3. See Example 4. (a – c)(a + c) = a^2 – c^2 = (-1)^2 – (-3)^2 = 1 – 9 = -8 Determine whether the given number is a solution to the equation following it. See Example 5. Let us substitute x = 5 in the given equation, we will get 3(5) + 7 = 2(5) – 1 15 + 7 = 9 22 = 9 Which is not true Therefore 5 is not the solution of the given equation Chapter 1 – Section 1. 7 Use the commutative and associative properties of multiplication and exponential notation to rewrite each product.See Example 3. y(y*5)(wy) y(y * 5)(wy) =5wy3 Use the distributive property to remove the parentheses. See Example 5. -3(6-p) 3 (6 – p) = (-3)6 – (-3)p = -18 + 3p Chapter 1 – Section 1. 8 Combine like terms where possible. See Example 3. Simplify the following expression by combining like terms. See Example 8. 2a(a – 5) + 4(a -5) = 2a2 – 10a + 4a – 20 = 2a2 – 10a + 4a – 20 = 2a2 – 6a – 20 Simplify the expression. 1/4(6b+2)-2/3(3b-2) (Please note!! the ? and the 2/3 are fractions) Solution:

Marketing: Milk and Products Essay

1, Identify macro and micro environsal factors which crop victualsstuffing finales and formulate how they obtain to your chosen ships follow. You should use analysis mformer(a)fucker to hold in to the party gussy up, PEST, and Five-Forces analysis. (Outcomes 2a) Micro purlieu the merchandise comprises on the whole aspects of a merchandise which extend to the clubs kin with its node and the patterns of emulation.It includes suppliers, competitors, publics, securities industrying intermediaries. Macro milieu the macro environment mountain be described in terms of quaternion keys comp wiznts political/legal, sparing, accessible/ h ejec whereforeish, and technological (PEST factor) According to worry Essentials Books -Marketing, ( quit B class, Tar dejecting and Positioning, Chapter 2 The grocerying environment, p93 p96).SWOT Strengths Opportunities Strong brands, too orotund market cope The preferential policies of the government of the dairy cr eate diligence Distribution ne iirk throughout Vietnam (2000 jillion approved for dairy red-brickisement fox to 2020) Diversified point of intersections, emulous pr drinking glasss Supply of introduce nude material wise(p) d sensible is relatively invariable (e. g. Production roue of international deplete dairy browb course proposaltation, farms etc.) Leadership capacity of solid counseling Joining the WTO market expansion, contrast and learnedness experience Diversified proceeds tunes (150 harvest-festivals) back upable relationships with better halfs Talent and professional of merchandising and proceeds Marketing research experience is obligate aimably Very attr participating advertisement and advancement campaign. Weaknesses Threats Products primarily focuse on domestic booster market. Vietnamese economic instability (inflation, economic crisis) Marketing activities of the social club focused on southern of Vietnam WTO appears s everal competitors Un certain(a)ty global political situation PEST semipolitical/Legal Requirements on food hygienics and safety precise strictly commandment Economics stability to facilitate the billet of the club The preferential policies of the government of the dairy industry Economic Fast-growing economic system of Vietnam (i. e.having a positive impact on the domestic purchasing power) Join WTO contract to collide with out for business Dairy issue tax reduction, creating favorable for import dairy proceedss extendd conditions Inflation, increased fuel, increased intimidate footings Social/Cultural Increasing financial backing standards Need to modify wellness and viewer Proportion of malnourished children remains spicy Most Vietnamese flock do non scram the habit of inebriety take out Technological Improve and novel font font technologies draw powder extraction engineering Modern equipment in the field of promotional materi al Technology fibre push-down storement fit to ISO FIVE-FORES Analysis New Entrants much For draw harvest-feastion, the greets ar non mellow initiate to join so the potential rivals to accede easily in this competition component.On the contrary, entry costs for fluid take out carrefours and yogurt is quite postgraduate. More importantly, to confirm dispersion ne iirks require a large expenditure. Currently, Vina take out has a full-size emolument in distribution. However, the conversion cost of consumer growths is al or so pertain to 0 so Vina draw remain competitive pressure in the average. Substitute products or Milk products argon not patheticly available substitutes.However, given the broad take of consumers, dairy services products grass compete with legion(predicate) health c atomic number 18 items much(prenominal) as soft sups So, Vina draw is at adventure from substitute products. Today, Vina draw is developing several pro ducts of beverage water for health benefits to expand market relegate. clients bargaining power Vina draw is not pressured by any distributor. The fraternity has both distribution transmit (1) the traditional job (240 distributors and to a greater extent than 140,000 points of sale, plant the distribution much than 80% of Vina draw total production, (2) beamd through modern channels ( much(prenominal)(prenominal) as supermarkets ).For dairy products, when the cost of materials is high, Vina take out gain sell at high sets that guests lock in arrest to accept. at that placefore, Vina take out thunder mug transfer the disadvantages from the immaterial supplier to the client. Suppliers bargaining power Vina draw has advantage when they bargain with farmers in the leverage of raw take out because the purchasing beau monde is the largest, story for 50% of dairy country. Moreover, Vinamilk disadvantage as dependence on milk imported from abroad. Ho wever, from talking to Vinamilk, cost of production 1 kg of silver-tongued milk from milk powder is set out than from uncontaminating milk. thitherfore, this is not too big drawback for Vinamilk. Rivalry amongst contemporary Also VNM is passing competitive as in the domestic dairy Hanoimilk Companies, abroad companies word such(prenominal) competitors as Abbott, Mead Johnson Nestle, Dutch Lady In the future, Vietnams dairy market continues to expand and the level of competition is acquire higher. (Source http//www. slideshare. net/nguyenvanti1991/lap-ke-hoach-marketing-cua-vinamilk accessed 24 October 2011) (Source http//tintuc. xalo. vn/00885566846/Phan_tich_co_phieu_VNM_cua_Vinamilk. hypertext markup language accessed 24 October 2011) 2, advise major segmentation criteria that are used for devil products tar plumping two disparate markets. (Outcomes 2b) Vinamilk has much build of products.We occupy two products of Vinamilk are politic milk and yogurt. Both of products are targeted common raft who consecrate low or sensitive income. For milk, in that location are two segmentations for adults and children. The companionship makes many kinds of liquid milk such as sweeten, unsweetened, chocolate flavor, vanilla flavor, strawberry flavor depends on interest of apiece multitude.The follow has common chord types of advancement for liquid milk products such as clear carton, big carton, and bag. It is appropriate for each individualist and for each region. For yogurt, the product is segmented the penchant of the guests. Some nation like eat yoghurt with spoon but few peck drink it.Some track do not care closely eating or drinking yoghurt, they sound off that it is right(a) for their health. It is depend on contrasting regions. Liquid Milk For adults hundred% blank milk Vinamilk coulomb% fresh milk is do from 100% pure milk, containing totally substantive nutrients from nature, giving you a spirit of vitali ty to enjoy life to its entirety. UHT Milk Flex High-calcium and low-fat milk, Flex is the i be amaze cite of nutrients to help you time lag in shape, rose-cheeked, active and mobile. For kids UHT Milk pull the leg of UHT Milk Kid is produced from fresh daunt milk, blue in calcium and minerals, and puzzle by a modern UHT engine room. i. e. fresh milk is treated in at high temperature in a in truth short while (3 seconds) to retain all essential vitamins and minerals (including calcium content in milk at an optimal proportion of D/Ca).The addendum of DHA is added to assist childrens step-up and development, retentiveness them healthy, agile and intelligent. yoghurt potable yoghurt There are two lines of drinking yoghurt products, including Vinamilk Drinking Yogurt and SUSU Drinking Yogurt Milk with various flavors. Yoghurt is beneficial for health of digestion system and shoots you a healthy nutrition source take yoghurt Being made from 100% fre sh milk with various flavors such as aloe vera, strawberry, etc, yoghurt products are rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals and calcium, which are essential for your body. withdraw yoghurt assists to improve the daily digestion, fortify the body immune system, consolidates bone amicable system and helps to pick out a fine and fresh complexion as well as a body in shape. Probi fermented Vinamilk Probi is the yoghurt product fermented from billions of Lactobacillus Casei, workings well in digestive yoghurt system that helps to fortify the resistance of digestive system, reform toxin from food and surrounding environment and strike nutrients at maximum capacity. Consuming Vinamilk fermented yoghurt Probi each day keeps digestive system healthy from the inside naturally. Sourcehttp//www. vinamilk. com. vn/uploads/Download_E/VNM_Annual_report_FINAL_ENG. pdf accessed 24 October 2011) (Source http//vinamilk. com. vn/ENG/?vnm=product&id=2 accessed 24 October 2011) (Sourc e http//vinamilk. com. vn/ENG/? vnm=product&id=57 accessed 24 October 2011) (Source http//vinamilk. com. vn/ENG/? vnm=product&id=7 accessed 24 October 2011) 3, Outline the factors which influence the preference of targeting outline for two products in two diverse markets. (Outcomes 2c)There are many factors to account when choosing the targeting strategy those are geography, demography, purchasing mien, psychographic and social culture. Geography and Buyer mien Vinamilk has to segment the market such as North, Central, southeasterly because each region has polar habits such as taste, smell, packaging.Liquid milk has many kinds of products (sweetened, unsweetened, chocolate flavor, vanilla flavor, strawberry flavor) with trio types of packaging (small carton, big carton and bag).Yogurt has the kindred with three kinds of products (spoon yogurt, drinking yogurt, Probi yogurt). Demography Vinamilk washstand rive the market into groups such as age, gender, social position , religion, or income. Liquid milk has two segmentations for adult and children. Psychographic and Social culture Vietnamese does not lay down habit drink a voltaic pile of milk. They like to diverge and except aboutthing is new-fashioned. Therefore, Vinamilk improve the products (liquid milk and yogurt) with many kinds of taste, plan.With two products in two variant markets, Vinamilk has the different strategy to attract the customers and get money for club. 4, Explain how end-consumer or geter behavior as marketing activities for two products of the high society and its retailers. (Outcomes 2d) Buying behavior is made up of the internal and external factors that explain why consumers spoil and use certain products or services. This type of behavior feces affect the marketing strategy that a business employs to promote its products, and when this behavior is analyzed, it mass guide a business toward remedy marketing strategies and methods that it might not have orig inally used.The University of Delaware states that the topper way to hazard what marketing strategy to use is to execute a marketing mix of different types of ads and promotions that tolerate appeal to the different types of bargain behavior. (Source http//www. ehow. com/info_8749189_buyers-behavior-affects-marketing-activities. html accessed 24 October 2011)The buyer behavior has influence on marketing activities. There are some factors, which influence on marketing activities of the company such as psychological, social cultural, situational. Psychological each spate have each personality, lifestyles, conceptualiseing and aught is not same anybody. They also have different beliefs, attitudes and motivations in life. Therefore, e trulyone has different needs.If Vinamilk that has one kind of products, the consumer give not have many choices. When they feel muted with the product, they cannot buy it more than. Moreover, they think that the quality of product has to wort h with the money that they spend.Therefore, if they use the product and feel it bad, they give not buy it more. To sum up, the consumers psychological affect strongly the gross revenue of product. If the company does not grasp the consumers psychological, they cannot get profit. Situational the income of the consumer influence marketing bodily function. If the equipment casualty is too high, the consumer exit consider carefully before make decision. Therefore, if the set is not commensurate, they will not accept and exclude the product.The previous buying experiences and the purchase task itself also have a big influence on consumer decision. Social cultural Vietnamese cultural also affect marketing activity. First, Vietnamese like the outside products especially milk. They think that the distant products are unceasingly fall in than the domestic product.Therefore, they tend to fill the foreign products firstly. Second, Vietnamese tend to follow the cumulation because they think that the products have many people to use is good. It is advantage or disadvantage. If the vinamilk has the crush marketing, many people will buy their products. but if not, it is difficult for them to sell products. contribution 2 Identify and analyze the individual elements of the elongated marketing mix1, quarter and analyze how products of your chosen company are developed to sustain the companys competitive advantage. Vinamilk has many products from milk such as liquid milk, yoghurt, power milk, condensed milk, ice cream, cheese, etc In the competitive environment, Vinamilk continuously develop and improve their products to satisfy their consumers. Besides, they continuously realise new products to expand the market.Thus, they can sustain the companys competitive advantage. Now, we engage and analysis two products of Vinamilk so that we can go steady how products of Vinamilk are develop. First, it is liquid milk. The liquid milk is shared two segmentations and it is for family and for children.In the family segmentation, Vinamilk has two products such as 100% fresh milk and Flex. With Vinamilk 100% fresh milk, the company has pasteurized milk in carton. aft(prenominal) a design of selling, Vinamilk changes packaging with pasteurized milk in bag. It is more convenient to use and bring. Some people like to drink milk with sugar, flat the company improve product with sweetened milk.After that, they do variety of product with some flavor such as chocolate, strawberry, etc They capture the market very promptly and they al ways develop their products to satisfy consumer. They down that Long Thanh milk has developed with autoclaved milk so they also manufacture autoclaved milk with sweetened and no sweetened.In the modern life, people eat many kind of food, which has a sight of fat. Therefore, Vinamilk launch a new product, Vinamilk Flex. It has high-calcium and low-fat milk. It is a good beat by Vinamilk.It authenti visity attracts people because allone forever wants to keep in shape, healthy, active and energetic and it is difficult when eating a lot of fat. Nowadays, Vinamilk see that child obesity is change magnitude in Vietnam, combined with the milk market research weight loss, Vinamilk find less(prenominal) competition involved in this market, which has make waterd the momentum for launching Vinamilk new product Vinamilk milk to lose weight and immediately real the support of consumers.With the research objectives and nominate stiff-hitting solutions to weight loss, safety, consistent with the state of Vietnam, this product is a breakthrough to help bring practical benefits to consumers. Recognizing this trend, Vinamilk immediately jump into this enkindle market. Besides, Vinamilk also develop products that are mute for children.That is UHT MILK MILKKID and VNM FORTIFIED UHT MILK. Fresh milk is treated in at high temperature in a very short time (3 seconds) to retain all essential vitamins an d minerals (including calcium content in milk at an optimal proportion of D/Ca). The supplement of DHA is added to assist childrens growth and development, keeping them healthy, agile and intelligent. The parents like it because they always want everything are the best for their children. Second, it is the yoghurt.Vinamilk has three type of yogurt. This is yogurt with spoon, drink yogurt, probi yogurt. from each one type of yogurt suits each different preference. Some people like eat yogurt with spoon but some people like to drink yogurt. It is very easy for consumers to access it when there are many choices.Now, probi yogurt is popular because it there are many good things such as reinforces the resistance of digestive system, purify toxin from food and surrounding environment and absorb nutrients at maximum capacity. It really attracted people because it is aimed the consumers psychological about health. It is really trenchant because everyone want a good health.2, Explain how y our chosen companys products are distributed in pose to provide convenience to customers. According http//vinamilk. com. vn/? vnm=market&id=28 accessed 24 October 2011 For Manufacturer Company, the distribution is very important. The company has good products and services, good wrong but their product cannot be delivered to customers. It is failure.Therefore, the company should build the best distribution systems. It is very helpful when the company sell their products. There are many method of getting products to customers such as supermarket, agents, wholesalers, retailers, virtual warehousing, franchise, etc Vinamilk has two channels to distribute goods.This is direct channel (supermarket) and indirect channel (wholesalers, retailers). Vinamilk do not choose franchise, on-site store, and virtual store to distribute their goods because some reason. Firstly, Vietnamese does not have hobbits to drink a lot of milk so the quantity of milk that the customers buy is low. Secondly, t he products of Vinamilk sell everywhere in Viet Nam so it is difficult to deliver if the customers order direct from manufacturer. Thirdly, Vinamilk is manufacturer so they just want to make products and distribute them. They bank the otherwise people to buy goods and manage them. It is easier if the company spend a large of money to build a ambit of sale in the whole country.In direct channel, Vinamilk has products in all supermarkets in Viet Nam such as Big C, Metro, Coopmart, etc The customer can find the products of Vinamilk at all supermarket in Viet Nam. The supermarkets just distribute 20% products of Vinamilk and the retailers in indirect channel distribute 80% products of Vinamilk. Because the percent of Vietnamese go to supermarket is not high and the supermarket system is not much. In addition, the customers like to buy milk near their house. In indirect channel, Vinamilks products were sold through 240 wholesalers with more than 140,000 retailers in all 64 provinces o f Viet Nam. It is convenience for customers. They can buy products everywhere.They just go the close retailers to buy milk or they can stay at home and call for the nearest wholesales. The good is delivered in a few minutes. It is easy to buy products of Vinamilk. Although it is hard for Vinamilk to manage all retailers, they can go to some places and make survey from the customers to have a go at it how to the retailers do with their goods. Vinamilk also is using the most modern application of IT technology in management such as Customer Relationship Management (SAP), Oracle E Business Suite 11i, and Enterprise imagination Planning (ERP). Everything just solve the difficulty how to the goods is distributed the customers quickest and the most effective.3, Explain how prices of your companys product are set to reflect companys objectives and market conditions. Price is an important factor when the company wants to attract many people to buy their products. Therefore, making the ap propriate price insurance is especially important profound, it helps Vinamilk have effective business strategy. First, Vinamilk want to choose price for products (liquid milk and yogurt), the company has to modify the price of product at breakeven points. After that, they should consider some factor which affect purchase of market such as customer behavior, habits, income, market volatility, quality, and quantity from that, they can choose the markup for products (low or high).Then, they continue to investigate the price of competitions and they can consider their price of products is suitable and can be competitive. Thus, they can make decision for final prices of products. For two products (liquid milk and yogurt), Vinamilk has some strategy. To grasp the goal of get the dairy and food companies have health benefits for rapid growth and most stable market in Vietnam with the product line with long-term competitive advantages, Vinamilk accept to settle the extent possible pric e to light upon maximum market range. Besides, Vinamilk try to improve their product has high quality, secure and they create the customers confidence.Later, they can increase their prices but the customers will not suffice much about that. Moreover, more and more people interested in their health care, so the milk is preferred. The trend of the dearly-won purchase (psychological attached between price and quality) also contributed to higher milk prices. cosmopolitan psychology of the customers often compares the prices of the same product of the other companies to make decisions. Therefore, Vinamilk research the cost and selling price, quality of products of competitors and then they right their price so that it is reasonable. Despite the race of the profits with foreign milk company, Vinamilk maintains the immovable price since 2008.The price of Vinamilk on the market only has about one-thirds of the price of foreign company. In the domestic, the prices of products of Vinamil k are always gibe or less compared to the price of products of the other companies. With current milk prices, Vinamilk accept lower interest or compensation from the operating theatre of many different product lines to share the burden of consumer spending. When the product cling to has high in the mind of the customers, it is easy for the customer to accept the new products of Vinamilk. Beside, the product value has lower in the mind of the customer, Vinamilk keep the old price and improve the quality of product.Moreover, Vinamilk try to invest modern technology and economize the input materials and the costs of sales so that they can have the best price for the customers. Vinamilk has quite reasonable policy in the price. 4, enlarge how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives in your chosen company. The products cannot buy more every time and everywhere. The customers do not always exist new products. The company is same. Therefore, the company has to have many promotional activities to make the customer know What is the company? What are the companys products? They are good or bad . Thus, the customers will know the company and their products. The company can sell more products and get a lot of money.It is good for the company. Vinamilk choose two ways First, it is advert. Vinamilk always understand the important of advertisement in promotion strategy, so they always focus and create highly and constantly. They have achieved big success in amend sales. Vinamilk is a company specialized in manufacturing of milk products, which mainly milk from dairy cows, so the look-alike of dairy cow is considered specific, the core of each Vinamilk advertising. Vinamilk responds the strict requirements that advertising message to be achieved. The customers can see it on TV, on billboard on the street, when they go to Vinamilk website or read on the magazine.The advertising campaign is replicated throughout many the mass media with dairy cow image cute dairy cow on the exquisite natural, full on life. With the part of bringing their products to the majority of consumers, Vinamilk use all forms of advertising such as television, radio, newspapers, open-air(prenominal) advertising, etc Besides, Vinamilk do charity to enhance the account of the company. For example, 8 millions cups of milk for poor children, Vinamilk incubating younker talent, help poor or disabilities people, etc Second, it is promotion. With the purpose of attracting many people and selling many products, Vinamilk has many arouse promotion activities. The customer will be discounted or has more products of Vinamilk when buying a large quantity.For children, they can drink and adopt the paper in the bottle and then they can change the presents or school supply. Sometimes, in the supermarket, the customers can get same free samples (old products or new products) to trial. Sometimes, the customers will buy products with presents (toys for kid, g lass or new products of Vinamilk). Everything is promotional strategy so that they can attract more the customers and sell more products. 5, Analyze the additional elements of the extended marketing mix (People, Physical picture and litigate) in your chosen company. ?People Vinamilk understand that instruct and human resources development is the strategy of investing for the companys success in the future. Therefore, Vinamilk is focused on training and better the round. They work out a plan of career development for the supply and bring the stave suitable training programs to help them improve working effects. In the period of developing and expanding, Vinamilk make opportunity for the module who will have more chances to deal with new roles and new challenge.This also helps the staff raise potential and creativeness . Vinamilk creates a professional, friendly and open-hearted environment. Vinamilk always respected, listened and shared ideas with the staff. The staffs effort s and achievements are recognized and highly commended.There are many activities for the staff such as sports, travelling, camping, etc It helps them enjoy joyful and useful moments. The staffs also have a chance to understand each other and promote teamwork spirit effectively. The staff will get a satisfactory recompense according to working capacity and competitive salary. Besides, Health Insurance Program and enamor assistance are also one of distinguishing benefits we give to the staff. ?Physical evidence The companys factories are equipped with modern technological lines imported directly from countries such as France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden the criteria for creating high-quality products, low power consumption, have the ability to recover and reuse of products and vigor sources.In addition, the company gradually converts and invests bear on lines from low-power performance to high-power performance. The application of modern machine will contribute to significant savin gs in production costs, shorten water consumption, fuel and energy. Vinamilk has 80 trucks, they are used to deliver the products from the company to the distributors. each(prenominal) truck has a black boxful mounted to monitor the status of the vehicle. The factories of Vinamilk are designed modern, HACCP standards, creating a clean working environment, ensuring occupational health and safety for workers and do not affect the residential world around. All sources of noise are turn up away from residential areas and are whole break up.There are many partner companies and each company has a separate function. It helps the company to produce and supply the goods in time on the market. Nowadays, the customers like beautiful design of product packaging, many companies have not hesitated to invest costs on designing new the packaging. Although they can take disadvantages of the cost and price, the customer will withdraw more the products. It is important to make decision by the customers. Vinamilk tries to fulfill the criteria packaging such as beautiful, convenience, safety products, friendly environment In addition, it is difficult to maintain these criteria because the business environment and customer preferences always change.Therefore, the company will invest heavily in packaging costs to attract the customers. ? Process There are two resources of raw materials in Vinamilk milk is collected from farm and milk is imported from foreign country. Vinamilk produces milk in facilities and then the company distributes their products in two ways one, they provide products in supermarkets such as Metro, Big C, Coopmart two, they distribute for the wholesalers and then the wholesalers provide goods for the retailers. Finally, the retailers sell them for the customers. It is very convenience for the customers. They can buy the products of Vinamilk everywhere. After few times, Vinamilk goes to research the market and get feedback from the customers.Thus, they r esearch and develop their products according to the customer preference.Therefore, their products will attract more the customers and they can get more profits.BibliographiesTextbook BPP culture Media Staff (2007), Business Essentials Marketing, BPP House, London, BPP Learning Media Ltd. Online resources http//vinamilk. com. vn/ http//www. slideshare. net/nguyenvanti1991/lap-ke-hoach-marketing-cua-vinamilk accessed 24 October 2011 http//tintuc. xalo. vn/00885566846/Phan_tich_co_phieu_VNM_cua_Vinamilk. html accessed 24 October 2011 http//www. vinamilk. com. vn/uploads/Download_E/VNM_Annual_report_FINAL_ENG. pdf accessed 24 October 2011 http//www. ehow.com/info_8749189_buyers-behavior-affects-marketing-activities. html accessed 24 October 2011 pic.CONTENT routine 2 5, Analyze the additional elements of the extended marketing mix (People, Physical evidence and Process) in your chosen company rogue no(prenominal) 17 Part 2 1, Describe and analyze how products of your chosen company are developed to sustain the companys competitive advantage knave nary(prenominal) 11 Part 1 4, Explain how end-consumer or buyer behavior as marketing activities for two products of the company and its retailers paginate NO. 10 Part 1 3, Outline the factors which influence the choice of targeting strategy for two products in two different markets paginate NO. 9Part 2 2, Explain how your chosen companys products are distributed in order to provide convenience to customers PAGE NO. 13 Part 2 3, Explain how prices of your companys product are set to reflect companys objectives and market conditions PAGE NO. 14 Part 1 2, Propose major segmentation criteria that are used for two products targeting two different markets PAGE NO. 7 Part 1 1, Identify macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions and explain how they apply to your chosen company PAGE NO. 3 Part 2 4, Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives in your cho sen company PAGE NO. 16